Moderate Predictive Processing Krzysztof Dolega 1 William Ramsey on the Confusion About the two Aspects of Mental Representations 2 Two Flavours of PP 2.1 Conservative Predictive Processing 2.2 Radical Predictive Processing 3 Three Obstacles on the Way to Determining PPs Representational Status 3.1 Which Elements of PP Fulfill the Representational Job Description? 3.2 The Functional Role of Low-Level Prediction Estimators — A Puzzle for rPP 3.3 The Functional Role of High-Level Prediction Estimators — A Puzzle for cPP 3.4 Structural Ambiguity of Prediction Estimators — A Puzzle for PP 4 Conclusion — A Call for Moderation